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TWEAK.
Last seen on: –The Telegraph – QUICK CROSSWORD NO: 30,497 – Dec 30, 2023, Clues and Answers
NY Times Crossword 4 Nov 22, Friday
Random information on the term “Refinement”:
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called “solutions”, and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium.
Many solution concepts, for many games, will result in more than one solution. This puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented in the following improves on its predecessor by eliminating implausible equilibria in richer games.
Let Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } be the class of all games and, for each game G ∈ Γ {\displaystyle G\in \Gamma } , let S G {\displaystyle S_{G}} be the set of strategy profiles of G {\displaystyle G} . A solution concept is an element of the direct product Π G ∈ Γ 2 S G ; {\displaystyle \Pi _{G\in \Gamma }2^{S_{G}};} i.e., a function F : Γ → ⋃ G ∈ Γ 2 S G {\displaystyle F:\Gamma \rightarrow \bigcup \nolimits _{G\in \Gamma }2^{S_{G}}} such that F ( G ) ⊆ S G {\displaystyle F(G)\subseteq S_{G}} for all G ∈ Γ . {\displaystyle G\in \Gamma .}
Random information on the term “TWEAK”:
Darbepoetin alfa (INN) /dɑːrbəˈpoʊɪtɪn/ is a re-engineered form of erythropoietin containing 5 amino acid changes (N30, T32, V87, N88, T90) resulting in the creation of 2 new sites for N-linked carbohydrate addition. It has a 3-fold longer serum half-life compared to epoetin alpha and epoetin beta. It stimulates erythropoiesis (increases red blood cell levels) by the same mechanism as rHuEpo (binding and activating the Epo receptor) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy. Darbepoetin is marketed by Amgen under the trade name Aranesp.
The medication was approved in September 2001, by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney failure by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. In June 2001, it had been approved by the European Medicines Agency for this indication as well as the treatment of anemia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories launched darbepoetin alfa in India under the brand name ‘Cresp’ in August 2010. This is the world’s first follow-on biologic of darbepoetin alfa.