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Ground cover

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Possible Answers:
SOD.

Last seen on: Vox Crossword Saturday, 23 September 2023

Random information on the term “Ground cover”:

A vine (Latin vīnea “grapevine”, “vineyard”, from vīnum “wine”) is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term “vine” usually applies exclusively to grapevines (Vitis), while the term “climber” is used for all climbing plants.

Certain plants always grow as vines, while a few grow as vines only part of the time. For instance, poison ivy and bittersweet can grow as low shrubs when support is not available, but will become vines when support is available.

A vine displays a growth form based on very long stems. This has two purposes. A vine may use rock exposures, other plants, or other supports for growth rather than investing energy in a lot of supportive tissue, enabling the plant to reach sunlight with a minimum investment of energy. This has been a highly successful growth form for plants such as kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle, both of which are invasive exotics in parts of North America. There are some tropical vines that develop skototropism, and grow away from the light, a type of negative phototropism. Growth away from light allows the vine to reach a tree trunk, which it can then climb to brighter regions.

Ground cover on Wikipedia

Random information on the term “SOD”:

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O−2) radical into ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxide is produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism and, if not regulated, causes many types of cell damage. Hydrogen peroxide is also damaging and is degraded by other enzymes such as catalase. Thus, SOD is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen. One exception is Lactobacillus plantarum and related lactobacilli, which use a different mechanism to prevent damage from reactive O−2.

SODs catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide:

In this way, O−2 is converted into two less damaging species.

The general form, applicable to all the different metal−coordinated forms of SOD, can be written as follows:

The reactions by which SOD−catalyzed dismutation of superoxide for Cu,Zn SOD can be written as follows:

SOD on Wikipedia

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